{"id":36681,"date":"2026-09-12T15:19:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T19:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/?p=36681"},"modified":"2026-09-11T11:48:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T15:48:21","slug":"argentine-ants-formed-a-supercolony-across-portugal-spain-france-and-italy-linking-nests-across-roughly-3700-miles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/argentine-ants-formed-a-supercolony-across-portugal-spain-france-and-italy-linking-nests-across-roughly-3700-miles\/36681\/","title":{"rendered":"Argentine ants formed a supercolony across Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, linking nests across roughly 3,700 miles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/an-eighth-grade-student-gave-200-red-harvester-ants-three-hours-to-explore-a-maze-filled-with-fake-leaves-rocks-and-tangerine-then-moved-the-landmarks-around-and-watched-the-insects-change-where-the\/35983\/\">An ant trail passing under a flowerpot<\/a> may look small enough to be brushed aside. But, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) created a social network registered in southern Europe, connecting sites in Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, spanning across <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.092694199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around 6,000 kilometers (3,700 miles) of coastline<\/a>. Although it is not a precise census, but rather an estimate, scientists calculated this system in millions of nests, containing billions of workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This discovery is not only a continental tunnel passing under cities, roads and beaches. It comprises a common social identity, which enables worker ants from separated nests to cross paths without the territorial confrontations observed in most ant species. Rather than behaving as a singular anthill, these innumerable local nests act more like cities within a federation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A single society spanning 4 countries discovered by scientists<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across 6,004 kilometers of Atlantic and Mediterranean coastline, investigators sampled 33 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/argentine-ants-defend-citrus-pests-from-predators-in-californias-groves-and-vineyards-raising-honeydew-pressure-and-weakening-biological-control-after-spreading-from-south-america-in-1891\/35876\/\">Argentine ant populations<\/a> in 2002. The results given by different aggression tests divided those sites between a huge main supercolony and a way smaller Catalonian colony. The main group was \u201clargest cooperative unit ever recorded\u201d according to the investigation team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-element-8aa9b94d\">\n<div><div class=\"gb-looper-499b9b94\">\n<div class=\"gb-loop-item gb-loop-item-a65de661 post-36681 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-environment resize-featured-image\">\n<h4 class=\"gb-text gb-text-5282a7bf\">Read More: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/argentine-ants-formed-a-supercolony-across-portugal-spain-france-and-italy-linking-nests-across-roughly-3700-miles\/36681\/\">Argentine ants formed a supercolony across Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, linking nests across roughly 3,700 miles<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although genetically different and geographically apart, ant workers from distant areas of the supercolony did not fight one another. But, on the other hand, workers from the Main group became highly aggressive when encountering those of the Catalonian group. The Main society extended between Italy, southern France, Spain and Portugal, according to latest investigations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">It is not a unique interconnected tunnel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the term \u201csupercolony\u201d may lead to assume that this is a singular nest spanning from the Italian coast to Portugal, this is not what researchers concluded. Rather than an uninterrupted underground structure, there is a common conductual limit observed within this 6,000 kilometer delimitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The way this arrangement works can be evidenced by <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00040-008-1019-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research made on a California population<\/a>. While local nest networks may contain up to 5 million ants and occupy up to 650 square meters, ants only shared labeled food along trails up to 50 meters. Instead of every worker feeding each other across a whole continent, the result showed something more alike a tapestry of laboring neighborhoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Billion Ant Mega Colony and the Biggest War on Earth\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cqECNYmM23A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>YouTube: @kurzgesagt<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keeping the peace with a chemical passport<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What is the reason behind ants behaving like nestmates when they are collected from thousands of miles apart? Detecting chemical compounds present on each others bodies, particularly <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19609617\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cuticular hydrocarbons<\/a>, workers use those scent profiles as colony labels. While incompatible odors can help recognize an outsider, aggression is reduced by similar profiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-element-7c51314e\">\n<div><div class=\"gb-looper-cb8a84d1\">\n<div class=\"gb-loop-item gb-loop-item-25925f30 post-35882 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-environment resize-featured-image\">\n<h4 class=\"gb-text gb-text-c4932bb7\">Read More: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/a-globe-skimmer-dragonfly-barely-1-5-inches-long-may-fly-3700-miles-across-generations-and-dna-now-links-its-populations-across-asia-and-the-americas-in-one-migration-circuit\/35882\/\">A globe skimmer dragonfly barely 1.5 inches long may fly 3,700 miles across generations, and DNA now links its populations across Asia and the Americas in one migration circuit<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of losing all genetic diversity, the initial team suggested recognition cues suffered a \u201cgenetic cleansing\u201d after introduction. But, the ants are not genetically indistinguishable, and further research continued to investigate how genes and chemical labels modify the tolerance between introduced populations. The main issue is tolerance, rather than a flawless relatedness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The invasive species\u2019 ecological advantage: cooperation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transported across oceans and between far away areas by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/250-for-an-ant-the-market-driving-one-insect-to-luxury-prices-and-the-reason-has-more-to-do-with-science-than-with-extravagance\/32514\/\">human activity<\/a>, the Argentine ants are originally native to South America.Developing colonies can propagate an estimate of roughly 150 meters every year, according to one <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.98.3.1095\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PNAS reconstruction<\/a>. On the other hand, they can jump up to three orders of magnitude farther when human transport is involved. Once they settle in, decreased aggression inside a supercolony assists the ants in reaching a higher population, allowing workers to find more food, increasing their expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can mean grave consequences for native insects. At a sampling point investigated in one <a href=\"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[2041:EOFAIO]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">southern California study<\/a>, the presence of Argentine ants, the average number of different local ground-foraging ant species fell from more than 7 to less than 2. Although the consequence differs by habitat, this is why ecologists treat this ant as much more than a domestic nuisance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-element-ec80490a\">\n<div><div class=\"gb-looper-3dbe58d2\">\n<div class=\"gb-loop-item gb-loop-item-7cdca186 post-35848 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-environment resize-featured-image\">\n<h4 class=\"gb-text gb-text-229aba27\">Read More: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/chinas-karst-sinkholes-shelter-the-endangered-magnolia-aromatica-from-heat-and-drought-yet-genetic-research-found-populations-inside-carry-more-harmful-mutations-and-less-diversity-than-trees-outsi\/35848\/\">China&#8217;s karst sinkholes shelter the endangered Magnolia aromatica from heat and drought, yet genetic research found populations inside carry more harmful mutations and less diversity than trees outside, weakening their adaptability<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The impact is also felt by farmers. Sugary honeydew is collected by Argentine ants from various insects including mealybugs, scales and aphids, protecting those sap feeders from predators and <a href=\"https:\/\/ipm.ucanr.edu\/home-and-landscape\/ant-management-in-gardens-and-landscapes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parasitoids<\/a> that would usually keep their numbers under control. Mainly in vineyards and citrus orchards, crop protection can be entangled by this partnership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The biggest challenge? Controlling a network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ants you may see walking across a counter or sidewalk represent just a very small visible part of a much bigger colony, spread across several nests. Killing those workers does not really impact the others nearby. For this reason, this species is so hard to eliminate. Researchers are now working on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/a-recycled-bottle-is-being-used-in-aragon-as-a-trap-for-asian-hornets-and-what-is-surprising-is-how-the-simplest-setup-can-be-the-most-effective-once-the-invasion-is-established\/33288\/\">more accurate methods<\/a> that could have better results, rather than repeatedly treating one entire area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2025, researchers carried out a lab study, which exposed Argentine ants from four native supercolonies to six different insect-killing fungi. One of these strains, Beauveria bassiana Li053, killed more than 80 percent of the ants. Half of them died after just two to five days. The results seem promising, but further tests need to be carried out before it can be considered an efficient way to control the giant ant populations of Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This huge \u201cant city\u201d is not just one physical nest, but millions of colonies that are part of the same group. Their ability to cooperate is impressive, but at the same time, it also demonstrates how a species moved by humans can slowly transform entire ecosystems, even though one individual ant is very easily unnoticed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Argentine ants built a 3,700-mile supercolony across 4 countries, cooperating via scent to outcompete native ant species.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":36715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","resize-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36681"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36681\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36749,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36681\/revisions\/36749"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecoticias.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}